Introdução : Diversos estudos têm investigado as diferenças dos parâmetros salivares e microbianos entre pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos, contudo, diferenças específicas ainda não estão claras, principalmente devido aos efeitos de variáveis de confusão.Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo caso-controle foi avaliar os parâmetros salivares e microbianos de indivíduos com doença periodontal crônica com ou sem diagnóstico de diabetes melito tipo 2.Material e método: Este estudo caso-controle incluiu 60 indivíduos com periodontite crônica, 30 diabéticos (casos) e 30 não diabéticos (controles), pareados pela severidade da doença periodontal, gênero e idade. Saliva total estimulada foi coletada de todos os voluntários para mensuração do pH salivar e fluxo salivar. Amostras bacterianas foram coletadas com pontas de papel absorvente dos sítios periodontais com maior profundidade de sondagem e perda de inserção clínica. A frequência de A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia e C. rectusfoi avaliada por PCR. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste t de Student, Mann -Whitney e Qui-quadrado (p < 0,05).Resultado: Diabéticos apresentaram maior nível de glicose salivar e menor fluxo salivar em comparação aos não diabéticos. P. gingivalis e T. forsythiaforam os patógenos mais frequentes (p < 0,05). Frequência bacteriana não diferiu entre os casos e controles.Conclusão: A condição diabetes influenciou o fluxo e os níveis de glicose salivar. Dentro da mesma severidade da periodontite crônica, indivíduos diabéticos não mostraram maior frequência de patógenos periodontais em comparação aos seus controles.

Background: Several studies have investigated the differences in salivary parameters and microbial composition between diabetic and non-diabetic patients, however, specific differences are still not clear mainly due to the effects of confounder.Aim: The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the salivary and microbial parameters of chronic periodontitis subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and method: This case-control study included 60 chronic periodontitis subjects, 30 diabetics (case group) and 30 non-diabetics (control group), paired according to periodontitis severity, gender and age. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from all volunteers to measure the salivary pH and the salivary flow rate. Bacterial samples were collected with paper points from periodontal sites showing the deepest periodontal pocket depth associated with the highest clinical attachment loss. The frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, T. forsythiaand C. rectuswas evaluated by PCR. Data was statistically analyzed by Student's t, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square (p<0.05).Result: Diabetic subjects showed higher salivary glucose levels and lower stimulated flow rates in comparison to non-diabetic controls. P. gingivalisand T. forsythia were the most frequent pathogens (p<0.05). Bacterial frequency did not differ between case and control groups.Conclusion: Diabetes status influenced salivary glucose levels and flow rate. Within the same severity of chronic periodontitis, diabetic subjects did not show higher frequency of periodontal pathogens in comparison to their paired controls.

INTRODUCTION: External apical root resorption (EARR) is an adverse outcome of the orthodontic treatment. So far, no single or associated factor has been identified as responsible for EARR due to tooth movement. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association of risk variables (age, gender, extraction for orthodontic treatment and Angle classification) with EARR and orthodontic treatment. METHOD: The sample (n=72) was divided into two groups according to presence (n=32) or absence (n=40) of EARR in maxillary central and lateral incisors after orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in EARR according to age, gender, extraction or type of malocclusion (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The risk variables examined were not associated with EARR in the study population.

Knowledge about the presence of some important oral pathogens is an important step in better identifying children at risk for periodontal and/or caries diseases in later life. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of Streptococcus mutans (Sm), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) in gingival biofilm samples from 196 children, and to assess whether any of these pathogens are more associated with gingival inflammation extension and the Decayed/Missing/Filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) index. The subjects presented plaque index greater than 80% and were divided in 3 groups according to the bleeding index (BI): I) Low bleeding (< 30%), II) Medium bleeding (31 - 59%) and III) High bleeding (> 60%). The presence of each pathogen was determined by PCR. The prevalence of Sm was 71.9% and the mean dmft/DMFT was 6.68. The prevalence in low, medium and high bleeding groups was 43.5%, 34.5% and 46.7% for Aa; 43.5%, 37.9%, and 36.7% for Cr; 99.1%, 100%, and 96.7% for Pg; 56.5%, 56.9%, and 66.7% for Pi; and 58.3%, 60.3%, and 56.7% for Tf, respectively. Pg (99.0%) was the most prevalent periodontal pathogen detected followed by Tf (58.7%), Pi (58.2%), Aa (41.3%) and Cr (40.8%). Our study indicated that in this high plaque index population studied, a high prevalence of Sm and high mean DMFT were observed. In addition, the presence of Pi was associated with the presence of inflammation (P < 0.05) whereas Cr was associated with periodontal health (P < 0.05).

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a condição periodontal de crianças e adolescentes diabéticos e fatores relacionados. MÉTODOS: O índice de placa (IPL), sítios com sangramento à sondagem (SS), profundidade de sondagem (PS) e nível de inserção clínica (NIC) foram avaliados em todos os dentes permanentes em oclusão de 168 diabéticos tipo 1, não fumantes, com 13 ± 3,5 anos de idade. IPL e SS foram avaliados também em dentes decíduos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se prevalência de 20,8% de gengivite e 5,9% de periodontite. Indivíduos com mau controle metabólico tiveram maiores percentuais de sítios com alteração da PS (p = 0,004) e NIC (p = 0,014). Indivíduos com > 5 anos de doença apresentaram maiores percentuais de sítios afetados à avaliação da PS (p = 0,002), NIC (p = 0,007) e SS (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Maior duração do diabetes melito tipo 1 e mau controle metabólico foram significativamente associados a alterações periodontais indicando maior suscetibilidade para doença periodontal nessa população.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate periodontal condition of diabetic children and its related factors. METHODS: The plaque index (PI), sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated in all occlusion permanent teeth of 168 non smoking type 1 diabetic children, 13 ± 3.5 years old. The PI and BOP evaluations were also performed in deciduous teeth. RESULTS: It was observed a prevalence of 20.8% of gingivitis and 5.9% of periodontitis. Those individuals with poor metabolic control had higher percentage of affected sites on PD (p = 0.004) and on CAL (p = 0.014). Patients having more than five years with diabetes mellitus type 1 showed higher percentual of affected sites on PD (p = 0.002), on BOP (p < 0.001) and on CAL (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: DM1 duration and poor glycemic control were significantly associated with periodontal disturbances suggesting higher susceptibility of this population in developing DP.

O hemangioma cavernoso intramedular é anomalia vascular de baixo fluxo, curável através de ressecção cirúrgica. Entretanto, se não forem instituídos o diagnóstico precoce e a terapêutica adequada, pode levar à graves sequelas neurológicas. É extremamente raro a ocorrência de um angioma cavernoso intramedular. É relatado o caso de uma paciente de 33 anos, com um angioma cavernoso intramedular no nível de T6 - T7, que apresentava quadro clínico de compressão medular lenta e progressiva, com piora recente importante. A ressonância magnética da coluna torácica demonstrou, entre a sexta e a sétima vértebras dorsais, lesão expansiva intramedular que se apresentava hipointensa em T1 e discretamente hiperintensa em T2, com pequeno halo hipointenso à sua volta nas duas sequências. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico tardio e não apresentou recuperação neurológica. Os achados clínicos, de imagem e a importância de instituir precocemente o tratamento adequado são analisados e discutidos.

The intramedullary cavernous haemangioma is a low flow vascular anomaly curable through surgical resection, howewer if the precocious diagnosis and the appropriate therapeutics are not done it can cause serious neurological sequels.It is extremely rare the occurrence of intramedullary cavernous haemangioma. We report the case of a 33 year-old woman patient with an intramedullary cavernous angioma at T6-T7, that presented a clinical picture of slow and progressive spinal cord compression , with an important recent worsening.The magnetic resonance of the thoracic column demonstrated a T6 - T7 a intramedullary expansive lesion wich presented hypointense on T1 and discretely hyperintense on T2 with a small hypointense area in the two sequences.The patient was submitted to late surgical treatment and did not presented neurological recovery. The clinical and imagelogy pictures, and the importance of instituing precociously the appropriate treatment of this entity is reviewed, analyzed and discussed.